The Lancet medical journal released a study on April 3, 2019 titled “ Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017” or the Global Burden of Disease study. This study aims to evaluate the consumption of major foods and nutrients across 195 countries and hence, quantify the impact of a suboptimal dietary intake, an important preventable risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), on mortality and morbidity.
The study has collected geographically representative dietary data and estimated the effects of dietary factors on NCD-related mortality as well as the overall impact of poor dietary practices. Using comparative risk assessment, the study estimates the proportion of disease-specific burden, attributable to each dietary risk factor amongst adults aged 25 years and above. The main inputs of analysis included the intake of each dietary factor, the effect size of the dietary factor on disease endpoint and the level of intake associated with the lowest risk of mortality. The study then calculated the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years or DALYs attributable to diet for each disease outcome.
The study analysed 15 dietary elements i.e. diets low in vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts and seeds, whole grains, milk, fibre, calcium, seafood omega-3 fatty acids, polyunsaturated fats as well as diets high in red meat, processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages, trans fatty acids, and sodium. In 2017, the proportion of diet-related deaths was the highest in Uzbekistan and lowest in Israel. Other countries with low incidences of deaths included France, Spain, Japan and Andorra. The UK ranked 23rd, the USA 43rd and China 140th. With 310 deaths per 100,000 people, India is ranked 118th out of 195 countries.
According to the study, 11 million deaths and 255 million DALYs were attributable to dietary risk factors in 2011. Globally, the leading dietary risk factors for deaths and DALYs were high intake of sodium (3 million deaths and 70 million DALYs), low intake of whole grains (3 million deaths and 82 million DALYs) and low intake of fruits (2 million deaths and 65 million DALYs). However, the statistical uncertainty of the estimates made has increased, given the fact that the dietary data was acquired from mixed sources and were unavailable for some countries.
Poor dietary habits can lead to a wide range of chronic diseases and this study provides a comprehensive picture of the potential impact of suboptimal diets on NCD-related morbidity and mortality. It highlights the urgent need for qualitatively improving diets across countries and aims to inform the implementation of evidence-based dietary interventions, while providing a platform for the evaluation of their impacts on human health on an annual basis. The complexity of dietary behaviours and wide range of influences on diets globally, the improvement of diets worldwide demands an active collaboration between multiple stakeholders across the global food system with specific policies targeting particular sectors.
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India Outbound
April 5, 2019
source https://indiaoutbound.org/lancets-global-burden-of-disease-study-2019/
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